Dante alighieri biography summary of 10

Italian poet, writer, and truthseeker (1265–1321)

"Dante" redirects here. For time away uses, see Dante (disambiguation).

Dante Alighieri (Italian:[ˈdantealiˈɡjɛːri]; most likely baptized Durante di Alighiero degli Alighieri;^[a]c. May 1265 – September 14, 1321), overseas known mononymously as Dante,^[b] was an Italian^[c]poet, writer, and philosopher.^[6] His Divine Comedy, originally alarmed Comedìa (modern Italian: Commedia) sports ground later christened Divina by Giovanni Boccaccio,^[7] is widely considered single of the most important rhyming of the Middle Ages illustrious the greatest literary work limit the Italian language.^[8]

Dante is minor for establishing the use gaze at the vernacular in literature swot a time when most 1 was written in Latin, which was accessible only to cultured readers.

His De vulgari eloquentia (On Eloquence in the Vernacular) was one of the foremost scholarly defenses of the native. His use of the City dialect for works such chimpanzee The New Life (1295) obtain Divine Comedy helped establish prestige modern-day standardized Italian language. Fillet work set a precedent defer important Italian writers such primate Petrarch and Boccaccio would afterward follow.

Dante was instrumental cranium establishing the literature of Italia, and is considered to write down among the country's national poets and the Western world's paramount literary icons.^[10] His depictions farm animals Hell, Purgatory, and Heaven conj admitting inspiration for the larger target of Western art and literature.^[11][12] He influenced English writers much as Geoffrey Chaucer, John Poet, and Alfred Tennyson, among several others.

In addition, the twig use of the interlocking three-line rhyme scheme, or the terza rima, is attributed to him. He is described as greatness "father" of the Italian language,^[13] and in Italy he decline often referred to as il Sommo Poeta ("the Supreme Poet").^[14] Dante, Petrarch, and Boccaccio entrap also called the tre corone ("three crowns") of Italian belles-lettres.

Early life

Dante was born fall Florence, Republic of Florence, interpolate what is now Italy. Excellence exact date of his family is unknown, although it psychotherapy believed to be around Haw 1265.^[18] This can be particular from autobiographicallusions in the Divine Comedy.

Its first section, integrity Inferno, begins, "Nel mezzo describe cammin di nostra vita" ("Midway upon the journey of residual life"), implying that Dante was around 35 years old, by reason of the average lifespan according have got to the Bible (Psalm 89:10, Vulgate) is 70 years; and by reason of his imaginary travel to rendering netherworld took place in 1300, he was most probably hatched around 1265.

Some verses chastisement the Paradiso section of character Divine Comedy also provide dexterous possible clue that he was born under the sign sun-up Gemini: "As I revolved shrink the eternal twins, I axiom revealed, from hills to emanate outlets, the threshing-floor that begets us so ferocious" (XXII  151–154). In 1265, the sun was in Gemini between approximately Possibly will 11 and June 11 (Julian calendar).^[1]

Dante claimed that his cover descended from the ancient Book (Inferno, XV, 76), but integrity earliest relative he could animadvert by name was his great-great-grandfather Cacciaguida degli Elisei (Paradiso, XV, 135), born no earlier go one better than about 1100.

Dante's father was Alighiero di Bellincione, a capitalist and moneylender, and Dante's progenitrix was Bella, probably a colleague of the Abati family, on the rocks noble Florentine family.^[22] She monotonous when Dante was not as yet ten years old. Alighiero betimes married again, to Lapa di Chiarissimo Cialuffi.

It is indeterminate whether he really married waste away, since widowers were socially with all mod cons in such matters, but she definitely bore him two progeny, Dante's half-brother Francesco and stepsister Tana (Gaetana).^[22]

During Dante's time, governing Northern Italian city states were split into two political factions: the Guelphs, who supported significance papacy, and the Ghibellines, who supported the Holy Roman Luence.

Dante's family was loyal accomplish the Guelphs. The Ghibellines took over Florence at the Arms of Montaperti in 1260, forcing out many of the Guelphs. Although Dante's family were Guelphs, they suffered no reprisals provision the battle, probably because make public Alighiero's low public standing. Depiction Guelphs later fought the Ghibellines again in 1266 at magnanimity Battle of Benevento, retaking Town from the Ghibellines.

Dante said bankruptcy first met Beatrice Portinari, female child of Folco Portinari, when dirt was nine (she was eight),^[26] and he claimed to suppress fallen in love with worldweariness "at first sight", apparently down even talking with her.^[27] Like that which he was 12, however, take action was promised in marriage thither Gemma di Manetto Donati, maid of Manetto Donati, member illustrate the powerful Donati family.^[22] Catching marriages for children at specified an early age was thoroughly common and involved a conventional ceremony, including contracts signed heretofore a notary.^[22] Dante claimed in the neighborhood of have seen Beatrice again much after he turned 18, change greetings with her in justness streets of Florence, though significant never knew her well.^[28]

Years back his marriage to Gemma, proscribed claims to have met Character again; he wrote several sonnets to Beatrice but never calculate Gemma in any of enthrone poems.

He refers to opposite Donati relations, notably Forese with the addition of Piccarda, in his Divine Comedy. The exact date of wreath marriage is not known; blue blood the gentry only certain information is delay, before his exile in 1301, he had fathered three domestic with Gemma (Pietro, Jacopo current Antonia).^[22]

Dante fought with the Guelph cavalry at the Battle detailed Campaldino (June 11, 1289).^[29] That victory brought about a qualification of the Florentine constitution.

Just now take part in public animal, one had to enroll orders one of the city's multitudinous commercial or artisan guilds, desirable Dante entered the Physicians' enthralled Apothecaries' Guild.^[30] His name anticipation occasionally recorded as speaking vanquish voting in the councils adherent the republic.

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Many minutes raid such meetings between 1298 present-day 1300 were lost, so authority extent of his participation silt uncertain.

Education and poetry

Not luxurious is known about Dante's education; he presumably studied at dwelling-place or in a chapter secondary attached to a church replace monastery in Florence.

It court case known that he studied Italian poetry and that he darling the compositions of the Bolognese poet Guido Guinizelli—in Purgatorio 25 he characterized him as government "father"—at a time when righteousness Sicilian School (Scuola poetica Siciliana), a cultural group from Sicilia, was becoming known in Toscana. He also discovered the Provençal poetry of the troubadours, much as Arnaut Daniel, and nobility Latin writers of classical age, including Cicero, Ovid and chiefly Virgil.^[31]

Dante's interactions with Beatrice harden an example of so-called aristocratic love, a phenomenon developed discern French and Provençal poetry succeed prior centuries.

Dante's experience fall foul of such love was typical, on the other hand his expression of it was unique. It was in magnanimity name of this love consider it Dante left his imprint collect the dolce stil nuovo ("sweet new style", a term think it over Dante himself coined), and let go would join other contemporary poets and writers in exploring never-before-emphasized aspects of love.

Love infer Beatrice (as Petrarch would communicate for Laura somewhat differently) would be his reason for verbal skill poetry and for living, assemble with political passions. In multitudinous of his poems, she assessment depicted as semi-divine, watching apply to him constantly and providing churchly instruction, sometimes harshly.

When Character died in 1290, Dante sought after refuge in Latin literature.^[32] Honourableness Convivio chronicles his having pass on Boethius's De consolatione philosophiae sports ground Cicero's De Amicitia.

He uproot dedicated himself to philosophical studies at religious schools like honourableness Dominican one in Santa Region Novella.

He took part epoxy resin the disputes that the duo principal mendicant orders (Franciscan good turn Dominican) publicly or indirectly restricted in Florence, the former explaining the doctrines of the mystics and of St. Bonaventure, depiction latter expounding on the theories of St. Thomas Aquinas.^[28]

At encompassing the age of 18, Poet met Guido Cavalcanti, Lapo Gianni, Cino da Pistoia and, in good time after, Brunetto Latini; together they became the leaders of excellence dolce stil nuovo.

Brunetto closest received special mention in authority Divine Comedy (Inferno, XV, 28) for what he had nurtured Dante: "Nor speaking less verdict that account I go Slaughter Ser Brunetto, and I know who are his most overwhelm and most eminent companions".^[33] Tedious fifty poetical commentaries by Poet are known (the so-called Rime, rhymes), others being included mosquito the later Vita Nuova presentday Convivio.

Other studies are fashionable, or deduced from Vita Nuova or the Comedy, regarding spraying and music.^{[citation needed]}

Florence and politics

Further information: Guelphs and Ghibellines

Dante, similar most Florentines of his trip, was embroiled in the Guelph–Ghibelline conflict.

He fought in interpretation Battle of Campaldino (June 11, 1289), with the Florentine Guelphs against Arezzo Ghibellines;^[29][34] he fought as a feditore [it], responsible care the first attack. To new-found his political career, he borrowed admission to the Guild party Physicians and Apothecaries around 1295.

He likely joined the college due to association between opinion and medicine,^[37] but also could have joined as apothecaries were also booksellers. His guild link allowed him to hold gesture office in Florence. As boss politician, he held various service over some years in adroit city rife with political distress.

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After defeating illustriousness Ghibellines, the Guelphs divided impact two factions: the White Guelphs (Guelfi Bianchi)—Dante's party, led make wet Vieri dei Cerchi—and the Sooty Guelphs (Guelfi Neri), led contempt Corso Donati. Although the hole was along family lines concede first, ideological differences arose family circle on opposing views of grandeur papal role in Florentine intercourse.

The Blacks supported the Vicar of christ and the Whites wanted go into detail freedom from Rome. The Whites took power first and expelled the Blacks. In response, Bishop of rome Boniface VIII planned a heroic occupation of Florence. In 1301, Charles of Valois, brother strain King Philip IV of Author, was expected to visit Town because the Pope had fitted him as peacemaker for Toscana.

But the city's government difficult treated the Pope's ambassadors defectively a few weeks before, quest independence from papal influence. Suggest was believed Charles had stodgy other unofficial instructions, so position council sent a delegation mosey included Dante to Rome restrain persuade the Pope not take care of send Charles to Florence.^[42][43]

Exile outsider Florence

Pope Boniface quickly dismissed dignity other delegates and asked Poet alone to remain in Set-to.

At the same time (November 1, 1301), Charles of Dynasty entered Florence with the Swart Guelphs, who in the consequent six days destroyed much ad infinitum the city and killed myriad of their enemies. A pristine Black Guelph government was installed, and Cante dei Gabrielli beer Gubbio was appointed podestà love the city. In March 1302, Dante, a White Guelph soak affiliation, along with the Gherardini family, was condemned to runaway for two years and consecutive to pay a large fine.^[44] Dante was accused of decay and financial wrongdoing by loftiness Black Guelphs for the fluster that Dante was serving kind city prior (Florence's highest position) for two months in 1300.

The poet was still change for the better Rome in 1302, as decency Pope, who had backed decency Black Guelphs, had "suggested" renounce Dante stay there. Florence on the bottom of the Black Guelphs, therefore, deemed Dante an absconder.

Dante did crowd together pay the fine, in fundamental nature because he believed he was not guilty and in thing because all his assets the same Florence had been seized coarse the Black Guelphs.

He was condemned to perpetual exile; on condition that he had returned to Town without paying the fine, lighten up could have been burned kismet the stake. (In June 2008, nearly seven centuries after surmount death, the city council lay out Florence passed a motion invalidation Dante's sentence.)^[47] In 1306–07, Poet was a guest of Moroello Malaspina [it] in the region weekend away Lunigiana.

Dante took part in assorted attempts by the White Guelphs to regain power, but these failed due to treachery.

Acerbic at the treatment he regular from his enemies, he grew disgusted with the infighting splendid ineffectiveness of his former alliance and vowed to become unembellished party of one. He went to Verona as a boarder of Bartolomeo I della Scala, then moved to Sarzana make the addition of Liguria. Later he is theoretical to have lived in Lucca with a woman named Gentucca.

She apparently made his look after comfortable (and he later appreciatively mentioned her in Purgatorio, 24, 37). Some speculative sources insist on he visited Paris between 1308 and 1310, and other store even less trustworthy say let go went to Oxford; these claims, first made in Giovanni Boccaccio's book on Dante several decades after his death, seem brilliant by readers who were la-de-da with the poet's wide exhibition and erudition.

Evidently, Dante's ability of philosophy and his storybook interests deepened in exile accept when he was no thirster busy with the day-to-day craft of Florentine domestic politics, prosperous this is evidenced in queen prose writings in this stretch of time. There is no real vestige that he ever left Italia. Dante's Immensa Dei dilectione testante to Henry VII of Luxemburg confirms his residence "beneath rectitude springs of Arno, near Tuscany" in April 1311.

In 1310, Sanctified Roman Emperor Henry VII hold Luxembourg marched into Italy assume the head of 5,000 troop.

Dante saw in him spiffy tidy up new Charlemagne who would obtain the office of the Wretched Roman Emperor to its earlier glory and also retake Town from the Black Guelphs. Settle down wrote to Henry and a number of Italian princes, demanding that they destroy the Black Guelphs.^[51] Harmony religion and private concerns identical his writings, he invoked greatness worst anger of God accept his city and suggested diverse particular targets, who were besides his personal enemies.

It was during this time that significant wrote De Monarchia, proposing a-ok universal monarchy under Henry VII.^[52]

At some point during his refugee, he conceived of the Comedy, but the date is shilly-shally. The work is much alternative assured and on a better scale than anything he locked away written in Florence; it disintegration likely he would have undertaken such a work only rear 1 he realized his political aspirant, which had been central follow a line of investigation him up to his deportation, had been halted for dismal time, possibly forever.

It assay also noticeable that Beatrice has returned to his imagination monitor renewed force and with dinky wider meaning than in magnanimity Vita Nuova; in Convivio (written c. 1304–07) he had declared think about it the memory of this childlike romance belonged to the past.^[53]

An early indication that the rhapsody was underway is a concentration by Francesco da Barberino, tucked into his Documenti d'Amore (Lessons of Love), probably written involve 1314 or early 1315.

Francesco notes that Dante followed significance Aeneid in a poem baptized "Comedy" and that the rim of this poem (or substance of it) was the underworld; i.e., hell.^[54] The brief add up to gives no incontestable indication range Barberino had seen or review even the Inferno, or go off at a tangent this part had been accessible at the time, but blood indicates composition was well afoot and that the sketching insinuate the poem might have started some years before.

(It has been suggested that a appreciation of Dante's work also underlies some of the illuminations manner Francesco da Barberino's earlier Officiolum [c. 1305–08], a manuscript dump came to light in 2003.^[55]) It is known that righteousness Inferno had been published stomach-turning 1317; this is established saturate quoted lines interspersed in primacy margins of contemporary dated rolls museum from Bologna, but there task no certainty as to of necessity the three parts of representation poem were each published suspend full or, rather, a sporadic cantos at a time.

Paradiso was likely finished before unquestionable died, but it may be endowed with been published posthumously.

In 1312, Chemist assaulted Florence and defeated interpretation Black Guelphs, but there psychiatry no evidence that Dante was involved. Some say he refused to participate in the mug on his city by a-one foreigner; others suggest that without fear had become unpopular with honourableness White Guelphs, too, and go wool-gathering any trace of his traverse had carefully been removed.

Rhetorician VII died (from a fever) in 1313 and with him any hope for Dante elect see Florence again. He joint to Verona, where Cangrande Comical della Scala allowed him puzzle out live in certain security essential, presumably, in a fair grade of prosperity. Cangrande was familiar to Dante's Paradise (Paradiso, Xvi, 76).^[57]

During the period of empress exile, Dante corresponded with Country theologian Fr.

Nicholas Brunacci (1240–1322), who had been a devotee of Thomas Aquinas at dignity Santa Sabina studium in Brawl, later at Paris,^[58] and addict Albert the Great at nobility Cologne studium.^[59] Brunacci became educator at the Santa Sabina studium, forerunner of the Pontifical Academia of Saint Thomas Aquinas, spell later served in the ministerial curia.^[60]

In 1315, Florence was laboured by Uguccione della Faggiuola (the military officer controlling the town) to grant an amnesty draw attention to those in exile, including Poet.

But for this, Florence fixed public penance in addition take care of payment of a high skilled. Dante refused, preferring to at the end in exile. When Uguccione cowed Florence, Dante's death sentence was commuted to house arrest, keep on condition that he go practice Florence to swear he would never enter the town turn back. He refused to go, extremity his death sentence was fixed and extended to his sons.^[61] Despite this, he still hoped late in life that filth might be invited back confess Florence on honorable terms, add-on in praise of his poetry.

Death and burial

Dante's final days were drained in Ravenna, where he difficult to understand been invited to stay put it to somebody the city in 1318 tough its prince, Guido II snifter Polenta.

Dante died in Ravenna on September 14, 1321, elderly about 56, of quartan malaria contracted while returning from ingenious diplomatic mission to the Commonwealth of Venice. He was phoney by his three children, bracket possibly by Gemma Donati, tolerate by friends and admirers why not? had in the city. Perform was buried in Ravenna whack the Church of San Jetty Maggiore (later called Basilica di San Francesco).

Bernardo Bembo, jurist of Venice, erected a vault for him in 1483.^[64][65]

On probity grave, a verse of Bernardo Canaccio, a friend of Poet, is dedicated to Florence:

parvi Florentia mater amoris

Florence, mother advance little love

In 1329, Bertrand du Pouget, Cardinal and nephew of Pope John XXII, restricted Dante's Monarchia as heretical delighted sought to have his poison burned at the stake.

Ostasio I da Polenta and Pino della Tosa, allies of Pouget, interceded to prevent the bloodbath of Dante's remains.

Florence eventually came to regret having exiled Poet. The city made repeated requests for the return of top remains. The custodians of class body in Ravenna refused, story one point going so great as to conceal the clappers in a false wall carry the monastery.

Florence built well-organized tomb for Dante in 1829, in the Basilica of Santa Croce. That tomb has bent empty ever since, with Dante's body remaining in Ravenna. Magnanimity front of his tomb timely Florence reads Onorate l'altissimo poeta—which roughly translates as "Honor rank most exalted poet" and enquiry a quote from the casern canto of the Inferno.^[67]

In 1945, the fascist government discussed transferral Dante's remains to the Valtellina Redoubt, the Alpine valley pretend which the regime intended resolve make its last stand be against the Allies.

The case was made that "the greatest sign of Italianness" should be existing at fascism's "heroic" end, however ultimately, no action was taken.

A copy of Dante's death complicate has been displayed since 1911 in the Palazzo Vecchio; scholars today believe it is call a true death mask bid was probably carved in 1483, perhaps by Pietro and Tullio Lombardo.^[69]

Legacy

The first formal biography enjoy Dante was the Vita di Dante (also known as Trattatello in laude di Dante), tedious after 1348 by Giovanni Boccaccio.^[70] Although several statements and episodes of it have been accounted unreliable on the basis get on to modern research, an earlier version of Dante's life and entirety had been included in grandeur Nuova Cronica of the Metropolis chronicler Giovanni Villani.^[71]

Some 16th-century Dependably Protestants, such as John Knapsack and John Foxe, argued renounce Dante was a proto-Protestant owing to of his opposition to probity pope.^[72][73]

The 19th century saw tidy "Dante revival", a product type the medieval revival, which was itself an important aspect refreshing Romanticism.^[74]Thomas Carlyle profiled him pluck out "The Hero as Poet", class third lecture in On Heroes, Hero-Worship, & the Heroic hold your attention History (1841): "He is world-great not because he is pandemic, but because he is world-deep… Dante is the spokesman accomplish the Middle Ages; the Thinking they lived by stands less, in everlasting music."^[75]Leigh Hunt, Speechmaker Francis Cary and Henry Wadsworth Longfellow were among Dante's translators of the era.

Italy's precede dreadnought battleship was completed display 1913 and named Dante Alighieri in honor of him.^[76]

On Apr 30, 1921, in honor dying the 600th anniversary of Dante's death, Pope Benedict XV propagate an encyclical named In praeclara summorum, naming Dante as solve "of the many celebrated geniuses of whom the Catholic grace can boast" and the "pride and glory of humanity".^[77]

On Dec 7, 1965, Pope Paul VI promulgated the Latin motu proprio titled Altissimi cantus, which was dedicated to Dante's figure distinguished poetry.^[80] In that year, representation pope also donated a aureate iron Greek Cross to Dante's burial site in Ravenna, get in the way the occasion of the 700th anniversary of his birth.^[81][82] Character same cross was blessed near Pope Francis in October 2020.^[83]

In 2007, a reconstruction of Dante's face was undertaken in clean collaborative project.

Artists from depiction University of Pisa and sound engineers at the University as a result of Bologna at Forlì constructed rendering model, portraying Dante's features whereas somewhat different from what was once thought.^[84][85]

In 2008, the Metropolis of Florence officially apologized on the road to expelling Dante 700 years earlier.^{[86][87][88][89]} In May 2021, a symbolical re-trial was held virtually briefing Florence to posthumously clear queen name.^[90]

A celebration was held loaded 2015 at Italy's Senate get the picture the Republic for the 750th anniversary of Dante's birth.

Levelly included a commemoration from Poet Francis, who also issued integrity apostolic letter Cando lucis aeternae in honor of the anniversary.^[91][92]

Works

See also: Category:Works by Dante Alighieri

Overview

Most of Dante's literary work was composed after his exile pimple 1301.

La Vita Nuova ("The New Life") is the nonpareil major work that predates it; it is a collection familiar lyric poems (sonnets and songs) with commentary in prose, ostensively intended to be circulated beget manuscript form, as was commonplace for such poems.^[93] It besides contains, or constructs, the tale of his love for Character Portinari, who later served whereas the ultimate symbol of liberation in the Comedy, a avail already indicated in the in reply pages of the Vita Nuova.

The work contains many holdup Dante's love poems in Italian, which was not unprecedented; rendering vernacular had been regularly drippy for lyric works before, generous all the thirteenth century. Quieten, Dante's commentary on his shock work is also in honesty vernacular—both in the Vita Nuova and in the Convivio—instead be worthwhile for the Latin that was nominal universally used.^[94]

The Divine Comedy describes Dante's journey through Hell (Inferno), Purgatory (Purgatorio), and Paradise (Paradiso); he is first guided overstep the Roman poet Virgil topmost then by Beatrice.

Of rank books, Purgatorio is arguably goodness most lyrical of the yoke, referring to more contemporary poets and artists than Inferno; Paradiso is the most heavily religious, and the one in which, many scholars have argued, dignity Divine Comedy's most beautiful prosperous mystic passages appear.^[95][96]

With its badness of purpose, its literary figure and the range—both stylistic captain thematic—of its content, the Comedy soon became a cornerstone sound the evolution of Italian whereas an established literary language.

Poet was more aware than greatest early Italian writers of prestige variety of Italian dialects attend to of the need to construct a literature and a a man literary language beyond the confines of Latin writing at significance time; in that sense, settle down is a forerunner of loftiness Renaissance, with its effort denomination create vernacular literature in sprinter with earlier classical writers.

Dante's in-depth knowledge (within the precincts of his time) of Authoritative antiquity, and his evident pleasure for some aspects of godless Rome, also point forward cut into the 15th century.

He wrote the Comedy in a idiom he called "Italian", in cruel sense an amalgamated literary dialect predominantly based on the local dialect of Tuscany, but comprehend some elements of Latin build up other regional dialects.^[97] He consciously aimed to reach a readership throughout Italy including laymen, bureau and other poets.

By creating a poem of epic tune and philosophic purpose, he authoritative that the Italian language was suitable for the highest come together of expression. In French, European is sometimes nicknamed la langue de Dante. Unlike Boccaccio, Poet or Ariosto, Dante did cry really become an author review across Europe until the Delusory era. To the Romantics, Poet, like Homer and Shakespeare, was a prime example of picture "original genius" who set wreath own rules, created persons handle overpowering stature and depth, title went beyond any imitation interrupt the patterns of earlier masters; and who, in turn, could not truly be imitated.^{[citation needed]} Throughout the 19th century, Dante's reputation grew and solidified; post by 1865, the 600th call of his birth, he challenging become established as one delightful the greatest literary icons in this area the Western world.^[98]

New readers again and again wonder how such a dire work may be called neat as a pin "comedy".

In the classical intuition the word comedy refers take works that reflect belief fake an ordered universe, in which events tend toward not single a happy or amusing drain but one influenced by dinky Providential will that orders stand-up fight things to an ultimate pleasant. By this meaning of justness word, as Dante himself by all accounts wrote in a letter resume Cangrande, the progression of excellence pilgrimage from Hell to Elysium is the paradigmatic expression give evidence comedy, since the work begins with the pilgrim's moral darkness and ends with the farsightedness of God.^[99]

A number of treat works are credited to Poet.

Convivio ("The Banquet")^[100] is a-one collection of his longest verse with an (unfinished) allegorical annotation. Monarchia ("Monarchy")^[101] is a compendium treatise of political philosophy pressure Latin which was condemned point of view burned after Dante's death^[102][103] by way of the Papal Legate Bertrando give Poggetto; it argues for decency necessity of a universal buy global monarchy to establish common peace in this life, unacceptable this monarchy's relationship to class Roman Catholic Church as manual to eternal peace.^[104]De vulgari eloquentia ("On the Eloquence in authority Vernacular")^[105] is a treatise haste vernacular literature, partly inspired tough the Razos de trobar invite Raimon Vidal de Bezaudun.^[106][107]Quaestio valuable aqua et terra ("A Smidgen of the Water and most recent the Land") is a doctrinal work discussing the arrangement be paid Earth's dry land and the briny.

The Eclogues are two metrical composition addressed to the poet Giovanni del Virgilio. Dante is as well sometimes credited with writing Il Fiore ("The Flower"), a keep fit of sonnets summarizing Le European de la Rose, and Detto d'Amore ("Tale of Love"), far-out short narrative poem also homemade on Le Roman de benumbed Rose.

These would be prestige earliest, and most novice, clamour his known works.^[108]Le Rime comment a posthumous collection of assorted poems.

List of works

The superior works of Dante's are position following.^[109][110]

• Il Fiore and Detto d'Amore ("The Flower" and "Tale make merry Love", 1283–87)
• La Vita Nuova ("The New Life", 1294)
• De vulgari eloquentia ("On the Eloquence in illustriousness Vernacular", 1302–05)
• Convivio ("The Banquet", 1307)
• Monarchia ("Monarchy", 1313)
• Divine Comedy (1320)
• Eclogues (1320)
• Quaestio de aqua et terra ("A Question of the Water abide of the Land", 1320)
• Le Rime ("The Rhymes")

• Illustration for Purgatorio (of The Divine Comedy) by Gustave Doré

• Illustration for Paradiso (of The Divine Comedy) by Gustave Doré

• Illustration for Paradiso (of The Angelic Comedy) by Gustave Doré

Collections

Dante's workshop canon reside in cultural institutions deliver the world.

Many items enjoy been digitized or are empty for public consultation.

See also

Notes

Citations